Language Disorder vs. Language Difference

As parents and caregivers, we want to support our children in the best way possible as they develop language skills. There are common misconceptions when it comes to speech development. It can be difficult to distinguish between a language disorder and a language difference as you observe your child’s speech characteristics. The terms “language disorders” and “language differences” refer to distinct concepts, though they are often confused. Let’s discuss the differences and how these areas of language development can be differentiated.  

What is a language disorder?  

A child’s ability to understand or use language can be impacted by a variety of causes, such as a genetic disorder, developmental condition, medical condition, or congenital. This is called a language disorder. Language disorders can impact an individual’s ability to communicate (speak, listen, read, or write) and are typically diagnosed by speech-language pathologists. Language disorders may present difficulty in following directions, formulating stories, and the ability to use age-appropriate grammar. If your child demonstrates challenges in the aforementioned areas, it is important to seek intervention from a speech therapist. Examples of language disorders include: 

Receptive language disorder: characterized by difficulty in understanding language, such as the ability to follow directions, understand gestures, and comprehend the meaning of language 

Expressive language disorder: characterized by difficulty in the formulation of language, such as accurate grammar use, the ability to name objects, and share cohesive stories 

Related Reading: How Reading Supports Your Child’s Speech and Language 

What is considered a language difference? 

Language differences refer to variations in language use linked to a person’s cultural, regional, social, or linguistic background. These differences do not indicate a problem or delay in communication skills but reflect the natural diversity of human languages. Language differences are particularly common in bilingual or multilingual individuals or people who belong to diverse cultural or ethnic groups. Although speech-language pathologists may acknowledge these differences, intervention is not necessary. Some examples of language differences include: 

• Dialectical Variations: Differences in pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary between regions or groups (e.g., British English vs. American English, Southern American English vs. Standard American English). 

• Bilingualism: People who speak two or more languages may show different patterns of language use (e.g., code-switching between languages depending on the context).  Contrary to belief, research has shown that bilingualism does not harm speech development. Thus, learning multiple languages should be encouraged rather than presented as a concern during speech development.   

• Cultural Language Norms: certain cultural groups may portray language in different ways, such as tone of voice, formality of speech, or gestures.   

Important Considerations 

Language disorders often interfere with a person’s ability to communicate effectively, while language differences do not. It’s important to distinguish between language disorders and differences because misidentifying one for the other can lead to inappropriate interventions.  

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